Aspects to be paid attention to in the maintenance of rolling bearings-detailed rules for the use and maintenance of equipment

During the use of rolling bearings, due to their own quality and external conditions, their carrying capacity, rotation accuracy and anti-friction performance will change. When the performance index of the bearing is lower than the use requirements and cannot work normally, there will be machinery and equipment. Abnormal phenomena such as stop running and damage to functions. If effective maintenance procedures are taken in bearing assembly and disassembly, use of lubrication, prevention of pollution, personnel training, and timely troubleshooting of online detection, the above failures can be avoided. The installation and removal of bearings should pay attention to the use of appropriate tools and methods. Bearing installation is a strict maintenance work. The quality of installation directly affects the accuracy, life and performance of the bearing.

Therefore, special bearing tools must be used for installation and removal, which simplifies the installation process and avoids damage to the bearings and the associated shafts, housings and seals. Bearing installation tools must be suitable for all bearing sizes and models. For example, mechanical tools such as buffer rings are usually used to install small bearings by heating with pad steel plates, oven or induction furnace. Heating expands the inner ring of the bearing and sheaves on the shaft. With the cooling of the bearing and the contraction of the inner ring, the bearing and the shaft are firmly matched. This is one of the bearing installation methods-heating fit. This method is suitable for bearing installation with large interference.

Can also be used in the form of pressure fit, that is, the use of a cylindrical sleeve, the top of the ferrule, there is an interference fit on the ferrule assembly force. For the installation of tapered hole bearings, the method of locking nut installation or heating installation is generally used. For the installation of thrust bearings, the shaft is generally rotated. The inner ring and the shaft are interference fit, and the outer ring and the bearing seat are clearance fit. Therefore, the shaft ring of the two-way thrust bearing should be fixed on the shaft to prevent rotation relative to the shaft. In addition, the removal tool such as the bearing puller can effectively prevent damage to the parts near the bearing. During installation and removal, do not hit the bearing ring directly with a hammer.

Proper lubrication to extend the life of the bearing with the right amount and brand of qualified clean lubricating oil or grease, so that the bearing to maintain lubrication is also the most important maintenance procedures, should be based on the speed and load of different lubrication methods. The properties of the lubricant include the degree of burness, the ability of the oil film to form, and the density of the grease. In terms of lubricant selection, the criteria include the operating temperature range of the equipment, rotational speed, ambient and other operating conditions. Grease is usually applied to bearings used at normal speeds and temperatures. For higher speeds or in the case where heat must be dissipated from the bearings, a circulation system with a continuous supply of clean lubricating oil is used. The grease has good adhesion to prevent contamination and moisture.

The interval between oil and grease changes depends on the operating temperature and other environmental factors. Measures to prevent pollution Pollutants such as water or chemicals can corrode the surface of the bearing or damage the lubricant. Seals can effectively prevent pollutants from entering the bearing and extend the life of the bearing. Frictional contact and frictionless clearance or labyrinth seals are two basic forms, and the combination of the two forms can often enhance the seal if one form of seal is not very effective. Cleanliness is a key in the use of bearings, must keep the bearing working range free of contaminants, dust, cutting dust and other hard particles, abrasive particles and soft particles such as fiber, paper and plastic are harmful things. Solid particles can cause pitting on the raceway surface, thereby destroying lubrication conditions and accelerating wear. Pay attention to the training in the first place to prevent bearing failure, the most important thing is to have a group of good quality staff, within the enterprise, the training of on-the-job staff should focus on improving practical skills.

At the same time, bearing tools, monitoring instruments and maintenance technology are constantly innovating and developing, and their technical content and complexity are also increasing, which require key training. On-line monitoring, timely troubleshooting of vibration meter, digital thermometer, stethoscope and other simple instruments can help maintenance personnel to detect faulty bearings. The use of various types of fault monitors for multi-parameter online monitoring is very effective for timely and accurate detection of hidden fault points.

Engineering and technical personnel must continue to adjust if they hear bearing noise or test the running heat of the bearing.

Selection principle of vehicle lubricating oil

How to choose internal combustion engine oil
(1) According to the characteristics of the internal combustion engine and the vehicle, that is, the load and speed of the oil. High load and low speed, such as some large bulldozers, cranes and drilling machines, etc., generally use lubricating oil with higher viscosity, such as SF40, CD50, etc., light load and high speed, such as cars, jeeps, small power equipment, generally use lubricating oil with lower viscosity, such as SG15W/40, SF30, etc.
(2) According to the severity of the internal combustion engine. If the temperature of the ring area of the diesel engine is higher than 230-250 ℃, and the enhancement coefficient is greater than 5, the supercharged diesel engine oil is above CD, such as CD40, SG/CD40, etc. Gasoline engines choose oil according to the compression ratio and whether there is positive pressure ventilation of the crankcase, exhaust gas recirculation and catalytic converter. The larger the compression ratio, the higher the oil level. If there are the above-mentioned additional devices, generally use oil above SG.
(3) The oil capacity and power ratio are also factors in the selection of oil. Oil capacity and power ratio is also a factor in the selection of oil. Large oil capacity is not harsh on oil quality, and small oil capacity requires high oil quality. Generally, engines produced in Europe are small in size and high in power, and require high-quality engine oil, such as SHSJ.
(4) according to the region, season, temperature selection of oil. In cold areas in winter, oil with low viscosity and low pour point or multi-grade oil should be selected, such as SF10W/30, SH5W/30 and so on in northeast China. In areas with high temperature throughout the year, such as Hainan Province and Guangdong Province, oil with high viscosity, such as SF40, CD50 and so on, can be selected.
(5) Select oil according to the wear of the engine. New engines should use oil with lower viscosity (considering energy saving), while engines with greater wear and large gap between cylinder wall and piston should use oil with higher viscosity (considering sealing).
2. How to choose gear oil
(1) the car rear axle hyperbolic gear must use GL-4, GL-5 grade oil, GL-3 oil and the old brand 18#, 24# hyperbolic gear oil can not be used.
(2) gear oil with different viscosity is selected according to the ambient temperature. For example, 75W/90 is especially suitable for extremely cold winter. 80w/90, 85w/140 oil is commonly used in winter and summer in East China, Central China and North China, and in winter in South China and Southwest China. 90, 140 oil is commonly used in summer all over the country, and is available in winter in South China.
(3) Select the performance level according to the vehicle load condition. GL-4 suitable for medium and low load vehicles, GL-5 suitable for heavy load vehicles.
(4) If the automobile manual gearbox requires the use of gear oil, generally 80W/90 or 85W/90 oil is selected, and it is best to use GL-4 and GL-5 grade oil.

(Running the world's great dragon Tenglong out of the east to reach the world Longteng three types of self-aligning roller bearings Liu Xingbang CA CC E MB MA)

Equipment Maintenance Rules

1. Requirements for the use of equipment:

(1) Before operating the equipment independently, employees shall participate in the training of equipment safety operation procedures and maintenance knowledge, and can operate on the machine only after obtaining the operation certificate.

(2) Operators should do "three good" and "four meetings":

"Three good" that is good management of equipment, good use of equipment, maintenance of equipment;

The "four meetings" will use equipment, maintain equipment, check equipment, and eliminate general faults.

(3) "Five disciplines" of equipment operators ":

A. Implement fixed-person fixed-machine operation, use equipment with operation certificate, and strictly abide by safety operation procedures;

B. Always keep the equipment clean and tidy, add oil according to regulations, and ensure reasonable lubrication;

C. abide by the daily check and shift system;

D. Take care of tools and accessories and do not lose them;

E. If any abnormality is found, stop the vehicle immediately for inspection. If the problem cannot be handled by itself, report it in time and cooperate with maintenance personnel to eliminate it.

4. "Four requirements" for equipment maintenance ":

(1) Neat: tools, workpieces and accessories are placed neatly, equipment parts and safety protection devices are complete, and lines and pipelines are complete;

(2) Cleaning: the inside and outside of the equipment shall be cleaned. All sliding surfaces, lead screws, racks, etc. shall be free of oil stains and bumps. All parts shall be free of oil leakage, air leakage and electricity leakage. Cutting garbage and leftoving materials shall be cleaned;

(3) Lubrication: add oil and change oil on time, the oil quality meets the requirements, the oil pot, oil gun, oil cup and oil nozzle are complete, the oil mark is bright, and the oil path is unblocked;

(4) Safety: Implement the system of fixed personnel, fixed machine and shift change, be familiar with the equipment structure, abide by the operation and maintenance procedures, use reasonably, maintain carefully, monitor abnormal conditions and cause no accidents.